Welding training system

ABSTRACT

A welding training system includes one or more welding operator device which provides positional feedback relevant to a quality weld. The positional feedback is analyzed and, when the positional feedback is outside of a predetermined range, a signal is provided to the welding operator. In one embodiment, tactile feedback is provided in a welding gun.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS/INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/167,496 filed May 27, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 12/473,392 filed May 28, 2009 (now U.S. Pat. No.9,352,411), which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application61/056,696 filed May 28, 2008, which is hereby incorporated by referencein their entirety.

BACKGROUND

The mechanical quality of an arc weld is a function of many complexvariables, and can vary significantly depending on the skill of theoperator. It is, therefore, very important for welding operators to betrained in welding processes and control. Training welders to provide aquality weld, however, can be a very time consuming process. Typicaltraining programs are long, expensive, and inefficient. These programs,moreover, require personal hands-on instruction, and the number ofinstructor necessary is also problematic.

Due to the need to simplify and improve training, virtual reality (VR)trainers have been developed. In these systems, the operator does notstrike an arc, but rather receives guidance from an instructor or thewelding system in a “virtual” system, of the type typically found in thePC gaming industry. These systems can be either “virtual reality” and/or“augmented reality” systems. In ‘virtual reality’, the reality of theoperator is completely replaced, typically through the use of helmet orother enclosure, with a computer-generated environment that visuallyrepresents the new environment. This can be extended with additionalsensors and actuators to coordinated forces applied in conjunction withthe visual reality to enhance the virtual experience. In ‘augmentedreality’, portions of the operator's senses may be overridden withcomputer-generated data, which can include, for example, graphic images.The technology to create sensation, or constrain movement also fallsinto this category.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention uses real welding and feedback to the operator totrain an operator, or a combination of real and simulated weldingexperiences, as opposed to solely simulated or virtual training.

In this invention, a ‘closed-loop’ feedback mechanism is provided withthe welding trainee ‘in the loop’. By measuring the movements of traineeand then feeding back a signal in such a way as to encourage the traineeto compensate in the proper direction, an environment can be createdwhere proper hand-eye coordination and muscle-memory is learned, both ina simulated and real-arc scenario.

This invention gives the operator the ability to learn faster in a realarc situation, but also tries to help the operator as if the teacher iswith the student, when, in reality, the teacher is not. Therefore, fewerinstructors are required.

In one aspect of the invention, a device for use by a welding operatorwhile performing a weld is provided. The welding operator deviceincludes a controller, a position sensor providing position feedbackdata to the controller, and a position feedback indicator operativelycoupled to the controller. The controller is programmed to receiveposition data from the position sensor, to determine a position of atleast one of a welding operator performing a weld and an angle of theweld, and to activate the position indicator to provide feedback to thewelding operator to correct a welding parameter during a weld. In someapplications, the welding operator device can include a communicationsdevice for communicating position feedback data to at least one of awelding power source and a welding network.

In another aspect of the invention, the position sensor can be an anglesensor or an altimeter. The position sensor can be, for example, aglobal positioning sensor, a gyroscopic sensor, an accelerometer, and amicro-electromechanical gyroscope. The position indicator can be avisual feedback device, an audio feedback device, and a tactile feedbackdevice. A visual feedback device can include, for example, an LCD, LED,or OLED display. The tactile feedback device can comprise a vibrationalmotor, a piezeo-electric device, weighted rotating cam, an air bladder,and an exoskeleton. A plurality of tactile feedback devices can belocated on the welding operator device to provide a directional feedbacksignal to the operator.

In another aspect of the invention, the welding operator device can be awelding gun, a welding glove, or a wristband worn by the weldingoperator. Alternatively, the welding operator device can comprise an eyeshield for shielding the operator's eyes during a weld, such as awelding helmet or eye goggles.

In yet another aspect of the invention, a welding system is providedincluding a welding power source for providing welding power to theweld, which includes a power source controller and a power sourcecommunications device. A welding operator device is in communicationwith the power source communications device in the welding power source,and includes a position feedback sensor, an operator indicator, and acommunications device operatively coupled to the position feedbacksensor and the operator indicator. The communications device in thewelding operator device provides position feedback data to the weldingpower source controller, and the welding power source controller isprogrammed to evaluate the position feedback and to activate theoperator indicator when the position feedback is outside of apredetermined range.

In another aspect of the invention, the welding system can include atleast one weld position locator device. The weld position locator devicecomprises a position sensor operatively coupled to a weld positioncommunications device, that is positionable adjacent a part to bewelded. The communications device provides weld position feedback datafrom the position sensor to the welding power source for use inevaluating the position of the weld.

In another aspect of the invention, the welding operator device can be aprotective eye shielding device, a welding gun, a glove, and or wristband. The system can also include a second welding operator device thatprovides position feedback data to the welding power source, and thesecond welding operator device can be a protective eye shielding device,a welding gun, a glove, or a wrist band.

In still another aspect of the invention, a welding gun is providedincluding a position sensor, a controller, and a tactile feedbackdevice. The controller is programmed to receive feedback from theposition sensor, and to activate the tactile feedback device when thefeedback indicates that the position of the welding operator device isoutside of a predetermined range. The position sensor can be at leastone of an angle sensor and an altimeter. The tactile feedback device canbe one or more of a vibrational motor, a piezeo-electric device, and anair bladder. The welding gun can include a plurality of tactile feedbackdevices located at a corresponding plurality of positions around the gunor a handle of the welding gun, and the controller can be programmed toselectively activate one or more of the plurality of tactile devices toprovide a directional feedback signal to a welding operator during aweld.

In still another aspect of the invention, a welding glove is providedincluding a position sensor, a controller, and a tactile feedbackdevice. The controller is programmed to receive feedback from theposition sensor, and to activate the tactile feedback device when thefeedback indicates that the position of the welding operator device isoutside of a predetermined range. The position sensor can be at leastone of an angle sensor and an altimeter. The tactile feedback device canbe one or more of a vibrational motor, a piezeo-electric device, and anair bladder. The gun can include a plurality of tactile feedback deviceslocated at a corresponding plurality of positions around the weldingglove, and the controller can be programmed to selectively activate oneor more of the plurality of tactile devices to provide a directionalfeedback signal to a welding operator during a weld.

In another aspect of the invention, a welding system is providedincluding a welding power source for providing welding power to a weld,and including a power source controller and a power sourcecommunications device. The system also includes a first welding operatordevice in communications with the power source communications device inthe welding power source, and including a position feedback sensor, anda communications device operatively coupled to the position feedbacksensor. A second welding operator device is also provided incommunication with the welding power source, and including an operatorindicator, and a communications device operatively coupled to theoperator indicator. The communications device in the first weldingoperator device provides position feedback data to the welding powersource controller, and the welding power source controller is programmedto evaluate the position feedback and to communicate a signal to thecommunications device in the second welding operator device to activatethe operator indicator when the position feedback is outside of apredetermined range. In another aspect of the invention, the firstwelding operator device is at least one of a welding gun and a weldingglove. The second welding operator device can be or include a protectiveeye shield.

In still another aspect of the invention, a welding power source isprovided comprising a welding power supply for conditioning raw powerfor a welding-type process, a controller, and a communications device incommunication with the controller and one or more peripheral devicesconfigured to provide position feedback relevant to a quality of thewelding-type process, wherein the controller is programmed to receivethe position feedback, compare the position feedback to stored data, andto provide a signal to a weld operator when the position feedback isoutside of a predetermined range. The controller can further beprogrammed to selectively provide an actual weld where the position datais monitored and stored data during a weld and a simulated welding-typeprocess where the position feedback is monitored and compared to storeddata without starting an arc.

These and still other advantages of the invention will be apparent fromthe description which follows. In the detailed description below, thepreferred embodiment of the invention will be described in reference tothe accompanying drawings. This embodiment does not represent the fullscope of the invention. Rather the invention may be employed in otherembodiments. Reference should therefore be made to the claims herein forinterpreting the breadth of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view of a welding power source and associated components forperforming a welding operation in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the welding gun of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the helmet of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the helmet of FIG. 3, and illustrating abullseye display;

FIG. 5 is a front view of the helmet of FIG. 3 illustrating a ghostimage of a gun on the helmet display;

FIG. 6 is a front view of the helmet of FIG. 3 illustrating a weldtravel speed gauge on the helmet display;

FIGS. 7 and 7A-7D illustrate a front view of the helmet of FIG. 3illustrating a torch angle position correction images on the helmetdisplay;

FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of the electronic components ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating the steps in a training process inaccordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will be described with respect to a power sourcefor a MIG or Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) system, and with reference toa gun feeding weld wire. One skilled in the art will appreciate however,that the present invention is applicable with power sources for othertypes of welding systems such as stick welding and TIG welding systems,and could also be applied to other welding-type systems such asinduction heaters and plasma cutters. Furthermore, the term gun as usedherein is intended to include both wire feed guns and other types ofwelding and plasma cutting torches.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a welding power source 10 designed to supplyraw power that, when conditioned, is usable for a welding-type processis shown. For MIG welding applications, power source 10 is connected toa wire feeder 28 designed to present a consumable wire electrode 33 tothe weld via a MIG gun 38. The power source 10 is connected to the wirefeeder 28 via a weld cable 30 and to a work piece 32 via negative weldcable 34. A clamp 36 electrically connects an end of negative weld cable34 to the work piece 32. Gun 38 is connected to the wire feeder via aconnecting plug 40, and the wire feeder 28 is connected to a connector12 on the control panel 24 of the power source 10 through a controlcable 31. A gas cylinder 44 provides shielding gas to the wire feederfor use during the welding process through gas hose 46. The wire feeder28 can include controls 26 for controlling, for example, wire feed speedand voltage. Similar controls (not shown) can be provided on the controlpanel 24 of the welding power source 10. A welding helmet 50 including aprotective mask and a welding glove 80 are worn by the operator, and canbe in communication with any of the components in the welding system toprovide feedback to the weld operator, as described below.

Referring still to FIG. 1 and now also to FIG. 8, a block diagram of thecomponents of the welding system described above is shown. In the blockdiagram, position feedback devices, including weld position sensors andheight sensors are shown as associated with one or more of the weldingpower source 10, and welding operator devices including the gun 38,glove 80, and helmet 50. The components of the system are also shown asincluding individual controllers and communication devices. It will beapparent to one of ordinary skill, however, that all of the sensor,controller and communication devices shown here will not be necessary inall applications, and that duplicative sensors and devices can bepositioned in one or more of the welding power source and associatedexternal components. In addition, where a separate memory component isnot shown below, it is assumed that a memory component is available,either as part of a controller or as a separate component in the device.

Referring now specifically to FIG. 8, the welding power source 10includes a controller 102 for controlling a welding power supply 100that conditions raw power for a welding-type process. The controller 102is in further communication with a memory component 108, and acommunications device 106 which can be either a wired or wirelesscommunications system, and that communicates with at least one of thegun 38, helmet 50, and glove 80. The controller 102 can also beconnected to a user interface, here shown as an input/output device 104,which can include a series of switches, a keyboard, an interactivedisplay, or a combination of such devices. Optionally, the controller102 controls an integrated wire feeder 28. Although, for simplicity, thewire feeder 28 is shown here as integral with the power supply 10, asdescribed and shown above, the wire feeder 28 can be a separatecomponent, and can include a separate controller and a communicationsdevice that can be in communications with the other components of thesystem. Furthermore, although the user interface 104 is shown as part ofthe power supply 10, the user interface could also be provided on thepower source 10, wire feeder 28, gun 38, helmet 50 or in an externaldevice in communication with any of these weld system components.Although not shown here, additional feedback devices including visualand audio alert or alarm devices, can also be provided on the weldingpower source, or in an external wire feeder.

Referring still to FIG. 8, weld position locator devices 82 and 84 canbe coupled at opposing ends of a weld or spaced along the weld toprovide linear position feedback to the operator/trainee. The weldposition locator devices 82 and 84 can include, for example,transmitters 140 and 144, respectively, that transmits an RF or othersignal that is read by a receiver, which can be in the gun 38 (receiver136), in the glove 80 (receiver 114), or associated elsewhere in thesystem. The strength of the received signal can be used to determine atleast a linear position of the weld, and to calculate a weld travelspeed, as described below. The weld position locator devices 82 and 84can include power sources 142 and 146, such as batteries, or can beconnected to and powered from the welding power source 10, and alsoheight sensors 141 and 143, although height sensing can also bedetermined from the transmitters 140 and 144 in some applications, and aseparate sensor is not necessary. Although two weld position locatordevices 82 and 84 are shown here, it will be apparent that one, or aplurality of weld position locator devices, can also be used. Inparticular, the number of weld locator devices can be selected based onthe expected length of the weld and the strength of the transmittedsignal.

Referring still to FIG. 8 and also to FIG. 1, the welding operatordevices, including the welding helmet 50, glove 80, and gun 38, can bein communication with each other and with the power source 10, such thatfeedback regarding the weld can be transmitted to the operator/traineeduring the weld, as described below. Communications between the helmet50, glove 80, gun 38 and other components in the welding system arepreferably wireless, although these devices can communicate throughconventional wired communications systems, by transmitting signalsthrough the weld cables, or in other methods known in the art.

Referring still to FIGS. 1 and 8, the gun 38 includes a trigger 52which, when activated, provides a signal to the wire feeder 28 to drivethe consumable wire electrode to the work piece 32, and a signal to thepower source 10 to activate a contactor providing welding power to theweld cables 30. The gun 38 can optionally include one or more sensorsfor locating the position of the gun during a weld, including an anglesensor 138, a receiver 136 for determining a linear position of the gun38 as it moves along a weld, and a height sensor 139 to provide feedbackregarding the height of the weld. The gun 38 can also include at leastone stimulation device 134 for providing feedback to a weld operator ortrainee. The stimulation device 134 can be driven directly by thecontroller 102 in the power source 10, or by a controller 132 in thegun. The gun 38 can also include a communications device 130 forcommunicating with the power source 10, glove 80 or other components inthe system.

Referring still to FIGS. 1 and 8 and now also to FIG. 2, as describedabove, the gun 38 includes an angle sensor device 138 for sensing anangle of the tip of the gun 38 relative to the work piece 32, which canbe provided, for example, inside the handle 56 of the gun 38, coupled tothe handle 56, or closely spaced near the handle 56. The angle sensordevice 138 can be, for example, a global positioning sensor, agyroscopic sensor, a WAAS sensor, one or more accelerometers, amicro-electromechanical (MEMS) gyroscope or angular rate sensor,particularly of the type that senses motion in response to a Corioliseffect, or other devices. The gun 38 can communicate positional data toother components in the system through the connector 40, or throughwireless communications as discussed above. When an angle sensor device138 or any other weld position sensor is used, the trigger 52 can alsoprovide a signal to acquire a “weld start” position based on dataacquired from the GPS, positional network, or other sensor device, andstore this position in memory in the gun 38, in the wire feeder 28, inthe power source 10, or in all three locations. Alternatively, amechanical alignment device could be provided at the start of the weldto align the gun in a “start position”, which could then be stored inmemory.

In another embodiment, the sensor device 138 can comprise multi-axisaccelerometers which are used to determine the position of the torchand/or a glove. Multi-axis accelerometers sense angles such as thewelding torch push or pull angle, and the angle of the torch withrespect to the work being welded (the “torch angle”). The push, pull,and torch angles are determined and measured in multiple dimensions bycomparing the orientation of the accelerometer with ‘gravity vector’ oracceleration due to the earth's gravity. As described above, theacquired angle data can be transmitted to other welding components inthe welding system.

In an alternate embodiment, reflective material and corresponding lightcan be used to determine the position of the torch and the torch angle.In this application, the light used should be selected to be in adifferent light band that does not interfere with the welding arc toavoid interference. Another embodiment may include LEDs of variouswavelengths on the gun or glove to show position independent of radiatedlight from the weld.

Referring still to FIGS. 2 and 8, to alert the operator to weldingconditions, as described above, one or more stimulation device 134 canalso be provided in the gun 38. The stimulation devices 134 can providea pressure, vibration, or other signals to the operator. In oneembodiment, a vibrational motor can also be provided inside a handle ofthe gun 38, or connected externally to a handle of the gun, to providedirectional, tactile feedback to the operator during a weld to correctangle or motion due to vibration in an appropriate locationcommunicating the type of correction needed. A suitable device is partnumber C1234B016F, available from Vibramotor.com. The position of thetorch during welding can be compared to stored data, and the vibrationalmotor provided in or connected to the gun 38 can be activated to providedirectional feedback to the operator indicating the appropriatedirection to move the gun. Directional data could be provided, forexample, by using a plurality of spaced vibrational motors within thegun handle, or by adjusting the frequency of the vibration to indicatedifferent angle, directional, or travel speed changes. The intensity ofthe stimulation could also be correlated with a magnitude of errorbetween a preferred or predetermined position and the actual position ofthe gun 38. Here, for example, the vibration of the motor would increasewith the error, vibrating a little if the angle is slightly off, andmore if the angle is significantly off. Vibration may also remain untilthe correction occurs.

Referring still to FIG. 8, the glove 80 can optionally include sensorsfor determining a position of the hand of the operator, distance fromthe weld, or other positional data, and a stimulation device 112 forproviding feedback to the operator. A receiver 114, for example, can bein communications with weld position locator devices 82 and 84positioned adjacent a weld associated with work piece 32 to determinethe position of the gun 38 and glove 80 along an expected weld line. Theglove 80 can also include a power supply 110, for powering theelectronics associated with the glove 80. The power supply can be, forexample, a battery, a solar-powered supply that is charged by lightproduced by the weld, an inductive power supply, or other types of powersupplies. The power can also be drawn from the welding power source 10and through a cable tethered to the gun 38. To provide control functionsand communications to the welding power source 10 or other components inthe weld system, a controller 116 or communications device 118 can alsoprovided in the glove 80. The communication device 118 can, for example,transmit acquired data from the receiver 114 to the power source 10, andreceive signals from the welding power supply 10 to control thestimulation devices 112. Although a feedback receiver 114 is shown here,it will be apparent that other types of angle sensors, height sensors,and other types of position sensors can also be incorporated in theglove 80 to provide positional feedback.

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 8, the stimulation devices 112 in weldingglove 80 can include a vibrational motor that vibrates or appliespressure to the hand of the operator in selected locations to tell theoperator to tip, push or pull the gun differently. The stimulation canalternatively come from the vibration of piezo-electric devicespositioned in the glove to provide a ‘feel’ sensation, from small airbladders that are pumped up, or from an exoskeleton that can applypressure to the operator's hand in the glove. Although a welding glove80 is shown here, as an alternative, the stimulation device or devicescould also be provided in a wristband or in a specialized device coupledto the hand of a trainee weld operator.

Referring still to FIG. 8, the helmet 50 can include both sensors andfeedback devices for providing feedback to an operator. Sensors in thehelmet 50 can include, for example, an altimeter or height sensor 128for providing feedback regarding the position of an operator's headwhile welding, or a series of position location sensors, such as globalpositioning sensors (GPS) that provide three dimensional feedback as thelocation of the helmet 50. Feedback can be provided to the operatorusing a display 54, audio device 126, or both. To provide communicationsto and from the welding power source 10 or other components in the weldsystem, the helmet 50 can include an internal controller 122 and acommunications device 120. Although a welding helmet is shown, it willbe apparent that welding goggles or other types of shielding devicescould also be used.

Referring now also to FIG. 3, the communication device 120 in helmet 50can receive torch angle and position feedback from the weld power source10, gun 38, or glove 80 and helmet height feedback from the internalsensor 128. Based on this feedback, the controller 122 optionally drivesa heads-up display 54 and audio device 126. The display 54 can be anLCD, LED, OLED laser projection, or other type of display, but ispreferably a transparent organic light emitting diode (TOLED) display,and capable of providing graphic feedback indicating gun angle and guntravel speed feedback data to the operator. Since it is difficult tofocus on a display placed close to the eyes, the display 54 can alsoinclude optics to create the appearance that the display information isprojected at a work distance (typically about eighteen inches) over thewelder's view of the work area. To account for variations in operatorheight and head position, the helmet can be calibrated relative to thework piece to appropriately position weld feedback (such as a “ghostimage” or “shadow”) on the display. Calibration may be provided througha manual input to the user interface 104 on the power source 10, basedon head height to work or automatically via height sensor 128 which canbe an altimeter device or radar. Alternatively field strength from an RFtransmitter or other device may determine the distance from head to workand intelligence in the control of the ghost signal will compensate frominstructor to student or even from weld to weld for a given student asthey move their head. During calibration, height of the helmet 50 canalso be compared to height parameters associated with height sensors 139in the gun or height sensors 141 and 143 associated with the weldposition sensors 82 and 84. Although a helmet is shown and describedhere, it will be apparent that welding goggles, glasses, safety glassesor other types of shields could also be used.

To provide additional feedback to the operator, the helmet 50 can alsoinclude audio generation devices 126. For example, a headphone can beprovided in the helmet, and audio feedback produced in response to theweld, or audio signals from an instructor, can be transmitted directlyto the operator.

Referring again to FIG. 8, the torch position and weld travel speedsensor devices described above can be used during actual operation of awelding power source, and also to train the welder when not welding. Forexample, in one embodiment of the invention, a user can choose a“training mode” of operation through user interface 104 of power source10. In the “training mode,” activating the trigger 52 of gun 38activates collection of gun or torch position and weld travel speed andposition data, but does not activate wire feed, a weld contactorsupplying weld power to the weld cables, gas, or coolants. Positionalfeedback is collected, and the appropriate stimulation device can beactivated to provide feedback to the operator when necessary. When theoperator is sufficiently proficient with movement of the weld gun, thepower source 10 can be returned to a “weld” mode. A weld operator ortrainee, therefore, can get guidance from an “instructor” without theinstructor's continual presence, practice torch positioning withoutusing expensive materials, and switch to an actual welding applicationwhen a predetermined level of proficiency is achieved.

Referring again to FIGS. 1, and 8 in one exemplary method of operation,an instructor or trainer initially performs a weld to be taught tostudent welders. The instructor begins by pulling the trigger 52 on gun38, activating a weld. Upon receipt of the trigger signal, positionaldata is acquired from the angle sensor device 138 and position sensordevices 114 and 136 in the gun 38 or glove 80. As the instructorperforms the weld, gun positional data and gun travel data is sampled orcalculated at selected time periods, and stored in memory 108 of thepower source 10. Other feedback data, such as voltage feedback, currentfeedback, wire stick out, travel speed, and wire feed speed feedback canalso be saved. When the instructor is satisfied with the weld, theinstructor can save these parameters as a “good weld” and activatefeedback alarms for comparison to the feedback data in subsequent welds.The weld data can be stored, for example, in memory 108 of the powersource 10, or elsewhere in the system, and later recalled as, forexample, a weld program. Similar instructor guidance for proper motionmay be saved in the simulation mode.

In alternative methods, “canned” programs could be stored in the memory108 in the welding power source 10 or elsewhere in the weld system, andthese programs could be recalled from memory by the instructor. Theseprograms could, for example, be based on American Welding Societystandards for specific weld types and joint configurations, which definegun angles, including a work angle, a push angle, and a pull or dragangle. The canned programs could, for example, be selectable between abutt weld, a tee weld, a lap joint, or other types of weldconfigurations for determining the position of the gun for a specificweld, specified by an operator from a user interface 104, as discussedabove.

Referring now also to FIG. 9, to train a weld operator, a student welderselects a stored weld to be performed as, for example, from the userinterface 104 in the welding power source 10, and retrieves weld datafrom memory (step 200). The operator then begins a weld by activatingthe trigger 52 on the gun 38 (step 202). Preferably, as described above,the student has the option of selecting a “simulated” or an “actual”weld (step 204). The “simulated” or “actual” option may be stored inmemory 108 as part of the program, or be individually selected from theuser interface 104. When a weld is “actual”, weld feedback data isacquired only after a weld is detected as a function of currentfeedback, or a combination of current and voltage feedback, as shown inFIG. 10 (steps 206 and 207).

Referring still to FIG. 9, as a weld is performed, weld feedback data isacquired (step 208) from the gun, glove, and weld position sensorsdescribed above, as well as from height sensors, to determine theposition of the gun 38 or glove 80 (particularly, push, pull, and torchangles), and to determine a level of the helmet 50 as compared to theweld. Weld travel speed data can be calculated from the acquired data.Weld parameters, such as voltage, current, and wire feed speed, can alsobe monitored.

The acquired weld feedback data is compared to the stored data (step210), and, when the gun position (push, pull, and torch angles), weldtravel speed, or other parameters are out of a selected range (step212), the operator receives feedback to reposition the gun or adjust thetravel speed (step 214). The operator feedback can be visual or audiofeedback provided through the helmet 50, or tactile feedback through thestimulation devices in the gun 38 or glove 80, and can be continueduntil the trigger is dropped (step 216) and the real or simulated weldis ended. The feedback can also be associated with a selected tolerance,such that a visual, tactile, or audio alarm is activated when thefeedback parameters exceed the tolerance. The selected tolerance couldbe a pre-determined fixed value, a percentage, or a user-adjustableparameter. Hysteresis can also be provided in the tolerance to preventthe stimulation from flickering during borderline conditions. Here, thethreshold would be adjusted based on the current status of thestimulation.

As described above, the sensors, controllers, and communications devicesshown in the block diagram of FIG. 8 can be provided in variouscomponents in the weld system, and the configuration of the system canbe varied based on application. In one embodiment, for example, the gun38 includes a controller 132, communications device 130, angle sensor138, receiver 136, and height sensor 139. In operation, the controller132 compares acquired data to an ideal or expected position, andtransmits operator feedback through the communications device 130 to oneor more stimulation device 112 in the glove 80. Alternatively, data canbe collected from one or more of sensor 138, receiver 136, and heightsensor 140, and transmitted to the welding power source communicationsdevice 106. Here, the controller 102 in welding power source 10 comparesthe acquired data to data stored in memory 108, and communicatesinstructions to a stimulation device 112 (in glove 80) or 134 (in gun38), providing operator feedback. Various other configurations will beapparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Referring now to FIG. 4, in one embodiment of the invention, feedback tothe user is provided through positional coordinate axes 10 on the lensof the welding helmet 50, welding goggles or glasses. These axes can be,as shown here, provided in a “bulls-eye” configuration. A series oflatitudinal and longitudinal graphing lines, x/y coordinate axes orother symbols could also be used. The center of the coordinate systemindicates the “desired position” of the gun. An actual location of thegun 62 can be displayed on the coordinate system. Based on thisfeedback, the operator can re-position the gun to an appropriateposition. As described above, the height of the helmet is preferablycalibrated for a specific operator, and the position of the gun or other“ghost image” provided on the display is appropriately positioned basedon the height of the welder.

Referring now to FIG. 5, in another embodiment of the invention, a“ghost” or “shadow” graphic of a weld gun 64 indicating the appropriateposition and travel speed of the gun 38 as viewed from the helmet 50,or, in the alternative, welding goggles or glasses, can be provided. The“shadow” allows the operator to view both the actual position of thegun, and a desired position of the gun, enabling the operator to movethe gun into alignment with the shadow when adjustment is necessary.Although a representation of the gun is shown here, it will be apparentthat alignment lines and other directional indicators could also beused. Furthermore, to provide proper alignment of the viewing area ofthe helmet, angle and position sensors can also be integrated into thehelmet. Using feedback from these sensors, the relative position of thehelmet with respect to the torch can be calculated to appropriatelyposition the “shadow”.

Referring now to FIG. 6, in another embodiment of the invention, a“travel speed” indicator 66 could be provided. As shown here, the travelspeed indicator 66 could be a graphical speedometer extending between a“too slow” 68 (turtle) and a “too fast” 70 (hare) icon. A marker 72indicating the actual speed is provided on the graphical speedometer asa comparator for the operator. The travel speed of the gun 38 can becalculated based on feedback from a sensor device in gun 38, asdescribed above. A reflective material or LED type device and opticaltracking, for example, can be used to determine the position and speedof the gun. Alternatively, a vector coordinate system can be used todetermine the speed of the welding gun by integrating the accelerationsignals coming from the multi-axis accelerometers described above. Inthis way the sensor can provide both angle and speed. By integrating thesignal again, the torch position can be estimated in the vectorcoordinate system using the same sensor. Alternate methods fordetermining weld travel speed, are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,399,346, 6,476,354, and 7,015,419, each of which are herebyincorporated by reference for their description of travel speedcalculation methods. RF signal strength could also be used.

Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 7A-7D, in an alternate embodiment of theinvention, a graphical representation of a gun 74, indicating that thegun angle is too high (FIG. 7A), too low (FIG. 7B), or that the push(FIG. 7C) or pull (FIG. 7D) angle should be adjusted can also beprovided on a display 54 in the helmet 50, goggles, or glasses. The gunicon could, for example, be provided in a corner of the lens in helmet50 as a signal to the operator.

As described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 8, the helmet can alsoinclude audio generation devices for providing feedback to the operator.For example, a constant tone could be provided to the operator toindicate a change in a first direction (e.g. if the weld speed is tooslow, or the angle of the weld is offset in one particular direction),and a pulsed tone to indicate an alternate change (too fast, angleoffset in the opposite directions). A series of varying tones could beprovided to indicate different directional changes. Words may also beused. A combination of visual and audio tones could also be used toindicate alternate directions and speeds.

Referring again to FIG. 9, although the feedback data is described aboveas gun position and travel speed feedback, it will be apparent that inan actual weld setting, other weld parameters could also be monitored.For example, expected voltage, current, wire stick out, arc length andwire feed speed could be stored with the welding program and feedbackrelated to these parameters can be monitored during an actual weld. Whenthe parameters fall outside of predetermined values, visual, tactilestimulation, or aural feedback can be provided to the operator asdescribed above.

Referring again to FIG. 8, in an alternative embodiment of theinvention, a weld operator can selectively choose weld feedbackparameters (torch angles, torch travel speed, voltage, current, stickout, etc.) and operator feedback notification methods (tactile feedback,helmet display, audio feedback) for monitoring through the userinterface 104 on the welding power source. The operator could alsocorrelate a specific weld parameter to a feedback notification, and thiscorrelation can be stored in memory 108 in the welding power source. Theselected parameters could also be correlated with a specific operator.Other data, such as an operator identifier, operator height, and skilllevel can also be stored with operator preferences to simplify set-upfor training.

Although specific embodiments have been shown and described, it will beapparent that a number of variations could be made within the scope ofthe invention. It should be understood therefore that the methods andapparatuses described above are only exemplary and do not limit thescope of the invention, and that various modifications could be made bythose skilled in the art that would fall under the scope of theinvention. It is also contemplated that headphones or ear buds couldprovide audio tones, and, as discussed above, that visual feedback couldbe provided on goggles or glasses.

Furthermore, although a number of different types of visual, audio andtactile feedback devices are described above for various applications,it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that thesedevices can be used in various combinations, and on a number ofperipheral devices used by welding operators. For example, the tactilefeedback devices described above can be applied to the handles oftorches or guns, and to welding gloves, wristbands, and other devices,either alone or in combination. Audio devices and visual devices, suchas light emitting diodes, can also be provided on gloves and torches, oron helmets and goggles. Indicator devices can also be provided on otherperipheral devices, including wire feeders.

Additionally, the components of a welding system as described above withreference to FIG. 8 can be provided with various levels offunctionality, and the analysis components in the system can be varied.For example, in some applications, the position analysis can be providedin the welding power source, and in other applications the positionanalysis can be provided in peripheral components such as a weldingtorch, welding glove, or welding helmet. In some applications, apositional feedback sensor and communications device can be provided ina welding operator device such as a torch, gun, or glove, and thepositional feedback data can be transmitted to the power source, whichanalyzes the data. In some applications, the position feedback can beprovided in a first welding operator device, such as a wristband, and anoperator feedback device, such as a visual indicator, tactile feedbackdevice, or audio device in a second welding operator device, such as ahelmet or eye goggles. Feedback position data, moreover, could begathered from various different devices and transmitted to a centralcontroller, such as in the power source. Various combinations can beprovided.

Furthermore, although operator feedback devices have been describedmainly as associated with welding operator devices such as weldingtorches, gloves, and helmets, it will be apparent that feedback can alsobe provided in a welding power source, wire feeder, or other peripheraldevice. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodimentdescribed. To apprise the public of the scope of this invention, thefollowing claims are made:

We claim:
 1. A welding system, comprising: a helmet; a display device; afirst weld position locator configured to determine position feedback ofa welding torch; and a controller configured to: determine a position ofthe welding torch based on the position feedback; and generate andoutput feedback of the torch position, based on the determined positionof the welding torch, via the display device, wherein the feedbackcomprises visual feedback including both a first representation of theactual torch position of the welding torch and a second representationof a ghost or shadow version of the welding torch representative of adesired position and travel speed of the gun.
 2. The welding system asdefined in claim 1, wherein the weld position locator comprises: a firsttransmitter configured to transmit a first signal; and a first receiverconfigured to receive the first signal, wherein at least one of thefirst transmitter or the first receiver are positioned on the weldingtorch.
 3. The welding system as defined in claim 2, wherein thecontroller is configured to determine the position of the welding torchbased on a strength of the first signal received at the first receiver.4. A welding system, comprising: a helmet; an audio generation device; afirst weld position locator configured to determine position feedback ofa welding torch, the first weld position locator comprising: a firsttransmitter configured to transmit a first signal; and a first receiverconfigured to receive the first signal, wherein at least one of thefirst transmitter or the first receiver are positioned on the weldingtorch; a second weld position locator, comprising: a second transmitterconfigured to transmit a second signal; and a second receiver configuredto receive the second signal, wherein at least one of the secondtransmitter or the second receiver are positioned on the welding torch;and a controller configured to: determine a position of the weldingtorch based on the position feedback; and generate and output audiofeedback of the torch position, based on the determined position of thewelding torch, via the audio generation device, wherein the audiofeedback comprises word-based feedback, wherein the controller isconfigured to determine the position of the welding torch based on astrength of the second signal received at the second receiver.
 5. Thewelding system as defined in claim 1, wherein the helmet furthercomprises optics configured to create an appearance that information onthe display, including the graphic feedback, is projected at a workdistance over a view of a work area.
 6. A welding system, comprising: ahelmet; an audio generation device; a first weld position locatorconfigured to determine position feedback of a welding torch; and acontroller configured to: determine a position of the welding torchbased on the position feedback; and generate and output audio feedbackof the torch position, based on the determined position of the weldingtorch, via the audio generation device, wherein the audio feedbackcomprises word-based feedback, wherein the helmet comprises a display,and the controller is configured to: display visual feedback via thedisplay based on the determined position of the welding torch; andcalibrate the display of the graphic feedback based on at least one ofan operator height or a head position of the operator.
 7. The weldingsystem as defined in claim 6, wherein the display is at least one of anLCD display, an LED display, or an OLED display.
 8. The welding systemas defined in claim 6, wherein the display is transparent.
 9. Thewelding system as defined in claim 6, wherein the helmet has a viewingarea and the controller is configured to display the graphic feedbackover the viewing area via the display.
 10. The welding system as definedin claim 6, wherein the weld position locator comprises an angle sensorconfigured to determine torch angle data, the controller configured togenerate and display graphic feedback of the torch angle, based on thedetermined torch angle data, via the display of the helmet.
 11. Thewelding system as defined in claim 6, wherein the controller isconfigured to generate and display the graphic feedback during atraining mode of operation.
 12. The welding system as defined in claim6, wherein the controller is configured to generate and display thegraphic feedback during a live welding operation.
 13. The welding systemas defined in claim 1, wherein the helmet includes the display, and thecontroller is configured to calibrate the display of the feedback basedon at least one of an operator height or a head position of theoperator.
 14. The welding system as defined in claim 1, wherein thehelmet includes the display, and the display is at least one of an LCDdisplay, an LED display, or an OLED display.
 15. The welding system asdefined in claim 1, wherein the display is transparent.
 16. The weldingsystem as defined in claim 1, wherein the helmet has a viewing area andthe controller is configured to display the feedback as graphic feedbackover the viewing area via the display.
 17. The welding system as definedin claim 1, wherein the weld position locator comprises an angle sensorconfigured to determine torch angle data, the controller configured togenerate and display graphic feedback of the torch angle, based on thedetermined torch angle data, via the display.
 18. The welding system asdefined in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to generate anddisplay the feedback during a training mode of operation.
 19. Thewelding system as defined in claim 1, wherein the controller isconfigured to generate and display the feedback during a live weldingoperation.